Spherical Heavens of Greek Cosmology

The ancient Greeks understood that the only way that the complicated circuits of heaven can work is if it’s in the form of a sphere. It also begs the question, how could they conclude as to what shape the heavens are if they can’t see the border of it? Parmenides (circa 515–450 BCE) Parmenides was an early pre-Socratic philosopher who contributed to the idea of a spherical cosmos. Fragment 1 of Parmenides (as quoted by Simplicius): “The solid heavens, being circular, surround all things within them.” Eudoxus of Cnidus (circa 390–337 BCE) Eudoxus was an influential Greek astronomer and mathematician who developed early models of the spherical cosmos. Eudoxus (as summarized by Hipparchus and reported by Simplicius): “Eudoxus made the fixed stars to move on a sphere, and the sun, moon, and planets to move on other spheres concentric with the sphere of the…

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Moon Dogs & Sun Dogs

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Back in 2001 while in college at East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, I once witnessed a moon dog.  At the time I had no idea what it was; it just appeared to be a big ol’ halo around the moon.  It wasn’t until very recently when I learned about such a thing. I’ve heard of sun dogs before but the reality of moon dogs evaded me. Then just recently about two or three months ago I looked up at the sky at night and boom, another one, only this time I knew what I was dealing with. What is a Moon Dog? A Moon Dog, also known as a Paraselene, is an atmospheric phenomenon that’s supposedly caused by the refraction, reflection, and dispersion of sunlight through ice crystals in the Earth’s atmosphere. They typically appear as a pair of faint patches of light, at around 22° to…

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Tessellations: Tiling the Plane

Tessellations are patterns made up of repeating shapes that completely cover a surface without overlapping or leaving any gaps. The individual shapes in a tessellation are called tiles or tessellating shapes. They can be regular or irregular polygons. In nature they are found in honeycombs or in the scales on a snake’s skin. They’re also commonly used in art and design, such as in Islamic geometric patterns or as a decorative element in tile work, fabrics, and wallpaper. M.C. Escher (Maurits Cornelis Escher, 1898-1972) is most famous for this design style. He was a Dutch graphic artist known for his mind-bending etches that incorporated elements of mathematics and geometry. His use of geometric patterns, symmetry, and perspective has inspired new ways of thinking about space, dimensionality, and the relationship between art and science. Of the contemporary tessellators I’ve searched for, my favorite has to…

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Deconstructing Ancient Art Through Geometry

While often overlooked, there is abundant evidence of the intentional use of geometry in the composition of traditional arts, crafts and architecture. This was often accomplished through the use of regular polygons -frequently concentric- to establish proportional systems within a composition. These associations can create a feeling of unity within the work by harmonizing its disparate elements of form, decoration and purpose. Polygonal composition also allowed the incorporation of number and shape symbolism associated with religion, mythology, culture and the organization of society, within a work of art.

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To the Moon!

NASA supposedly landed on the moon six times between 1969 and 1972. While that is debatable, there is a lot to learn by understanding that awesome bright nightlight in the sky. Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven Six is a number that pops up a lot when examining the moon: We landed on it six times. The moon supposedly has about 1/6th the gravity of Earth. Its diameter is 6! + 6! + 6! in miles. That is 720 + 720 + 720   (2160) 2160 is also 6 x 6 x 60 Remember this is according to NASA (not. a. scientist. around.) The number 27.3 is also a lunar phenomenon A square behind a circle has exactly 27.3% more area. 27.3 is the number that *squares the circle According to NASA, the Moon is 27.3% the size of Earth. The moon also takes 27.3 days to orbit…

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Spherical Refraction – The Magnetic Relationship Between Light and the Universal Shape

:by: Clay Taylor A principle question that arises in the study of geometry and the study of light concerns the behavior of light upon the sphere. The sphere itself is nothing less than the universal and perfect shape. It is in a way the first and last possibility of the great miracle of dimension- the one great marriage of singularity and infinity, the unification of polarity and the prime cause of the 3 base dimensions of triangulated space. It is at once a single point, a single surface and yet a container of infinite points. It is infinitely divisible, has complete curvature that expresses every angle and both convexity and concavity is built into it. Clearly, to describe its characteristics is to employ words that seem paradoxical and contradictory… It is by means of the sphere that man and his science may come to truly understand…

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Is Google Evil?

Everyone knows Google’s motto: “Don’t be evil”. But do they take this seriously or just pay lip service to this sound advice? Is Google really evil? You decide. Gmail Google’s email is called Gmail… how original of you, Google.  Half of you reading this right now probably have an account; it’s intuitive and free, why not? I do, but I am deleting it.  I recommend Proton mail, which is also free, but they aren’t evil, I don’t think. Gmail’s logo is undoubtably the Freemasonic apron. Why would they choose this as their email logo? Sure, the icon looks like a letter that we’d receive in the mail but there might be more to it than that… The “G” that is used between the compass and square in Freemasonry has long been questioned of its significance and meaning.  What does the G stand for? Some…

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Ancient Megalithic Structures of Druidry & Hebrew Israelites

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by Sven Longshanks: Who were the Megalith builders in Britain, and what purpose did their stone structures serve? Although the common belief is that they were Pagans, there is a wealth of evidence to show that they were the Hebrews and the Sethites of the Bible, and that Druidry was descended from Patriarchal practices. Above: Clach an Trushel Menhir, Scotland. There are five main types of these stone structures that are found all over Britain:   Menhirs – Single upright stones       Cairns – Piles of rocks, usually in a cone shape         Dolmens – A stone slab on three or more uprights         Cromlechs – A circle of stones sometimes enclosing dolmens or barrows (tombs)       Tumuli – Mounds of earth and stones covering a burial chamber         These types of…

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